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A Failure Risk-Aware Multi-Hop Routing Protocol in LPWANs Using Deep Q-Network.

Shaojun Tao1,2, Hongying Tang1, Jiang Wang1

  • 1Science and Technology on Micro-System Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel routing protocol for low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) to minimize transmission disruptions. The failure risk-aware deep Q-network-based multi-hop routing (FRDR) protocol enhances network reliability and extends device lifespan.

Keywords:
LPWANsdeep Q-networkmulti-hop routingrouting failure risk value

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Area of Science:

  • Networking
  • Wireless Communication
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) face transmission disruptions due to dynamic topology, link quality, and imbalanced energy.
  • Existing multi-hop routing protocols struggle with reliability in LPWAN environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel routing protocol, FRDR, to reduce transmission disruption probability in LPWANs.
  • To enhance network reliability and extend the operational lifetime of end-device nodes.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a power regulation mechanism (PRM) for optimizing node activation and relay selection.
  • Introduced a routing failure risk value (RFRV) to quantify next-hop risks based on neighborhood characteristics.
  • Implemented a deep Q-network (DQN) with a multi-objective reward function for optimal next-hop selection.

Main Results:

  • The FRDR protocol significantly reduces transmission disruption probability.
  • FRDR outperforms existing protocols in packet delivery rate and network lifetime.
  • FRDR maintains comparable transmission delay to existing methods.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed FRDR protocol effectively addresses routing challenges in LPWANs.
  • FRDR offers a robust solution for reliable multi-hop communication in energy-constrained networks.
  • The integration of DQN and risk assessment enhances LPWAN routing efficiency.