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Improvements in PPP by Integrating GNSS with LEO Satellites: A Geometric Simulation
Marianna Alghisi1, Nikolina Zallemi1, Ludovico Biagi1
1DICA Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 30, 2025
Summary
Integrating Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites with Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) significantly speeds up precise point positioning (PPP) convergence. This enhancement improves positioning accuracy and reduces convergence time, even in challenging visibility conditions.
Area of Science:
- Geodesy
- Satellite Navigation
- Geophysics
Background:
- Precise Point Positioning (PPP) offers centimeter-level accuracy for static GNSS data but suffers from slow convergence due to ambiguity resolution.
- Short sessions and kinematic applications are challenging for traditional PPP methods.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the impact of integrating Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites on the performance of GNSS-based PPP.
- To analyze the convergence time and geometric quality of PPP solutions with and without LEO satellites.
Main Methods:
- Simulated a LEO satellite constellation alongside existing GNSS satellites.
- Evaluated the geometric quality using Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) for varying session lengths.
- Compared positioning performance between GNSS-only and hybrid GNSS-LEO configurations.
Main Results:
- The inclusion of LEO satellites significantly decreased the convergence time for PPP solutions.
- Enhanced positioning performance was observed, especially in conditions with good sky visibility.
- LEO satellites reduced PDOP values and convergence time, even in scenarios with limited satellite visibility.
Conclusions:
- LEO satellites have the potential to revolutionize PPP by drastically reducing convergence times.
- Hybrid GNSS-LEO systems offer improved positioning accuracy and reliability for various applications.
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