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Related Concept Videos

Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts01:20

Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts

231
When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...
231
Mechanical Characteristics of Steel01:18

Mechanical Characteristics of Steel

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The mechanical characteristics of steel are assessed through various tests that evaluate its strength, toughness, and flexibility. These tests include tension, torsion, impact, bending, and hardness assessments, each providing crucial information about steel's suitability for specific applications.
The tension test is fundamental for determining tensile strength. In this test, a steel specimen is stretched using a gripping device until it breaks. The data collected during this test are used...
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Fatigue01:21

Fatigue

239
Fatigue occurs when materials rupture under repeated or fluctuating loads, even at stress levels far below their static breaking strength. It typically results in brittle failure, even for ductile materials. It is a critical consideration in designing machines and structural components subjected to repetitive or varying loads. The nature of these loadings can range from fluctuating loads like unbalanced pump impellers causing vibrations to repeatedly bending a thin steel rod wire back and forth...
239
Residual Stresses in Circular Shafts01:10

Residual Stresses in Circular Shafts

236
In materials that exhibit elastic and plastic behavior, known as elastoplastic materials, residual stresses can accumulate when these materials experience plastic deformation. This deformation arises from either high levels of shearing stress or significant strains. Residual stresses are internal stresses that persist within a material after removing the external force causing deformation. This phenomenon is demonstrated when observing the behavior of a shaft under torque; notably, the...
236
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

330
Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
330
Impact Loading01:19

Impact Loading

285
Impact loading occurs when a moving object collides with a stationary structure, such as a rod with a uniform cross-sectional area fixed at one end. Under these conditions, the rod absorbs the kinetic energy from the striking object, leading to deformation and subsequent stress development. As the rod returns to its original position and reaches maximum stress, the absorbed energy, initially manifested as kinetic energy, transforms entirely into strain energy.
In cases of elastic deformation,...
285

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Ultrasonic Fatigue Testing in the Tension-Compression Mode
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Investigating the Correlation Between Corrosion-Induced Bolt Head Damage and Preload Loss Using Ultrasonic Testing.

Jay Shah1, Hao Wang2, Abhijit Mukherjee3

  • 1Centre of Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Corrosion-induced bolt head damage impacts bolted joints. Guided wave ultrasonic testing (UT) revealed waveform changes, not total energy loss, indicating subtle degradation undetectable by simple energy analysis.

Keywords:
bolt head damagebolted jointscorrosioninterfacial contactnon-destructive testingultrasonic testing

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Last Updated: Sep 13, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Non-Destructive Testing

Background:

  • Bolted joint integrity is crucial for structural safety.
  • Corrosion-induced bolt head damage can compromise preload and joint integrity.
  • Quantifying the effects of bolt head damage on interfacial contact remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between bolt head damage and bolt torque levels.
  • To assess the impact of simulated corrosion on bolted joint integrity using guided wave ultrasonic testing.
  • To determine if bolt head damage affects interfacial contact stresses.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory experiments using guided wave ultrasonic testing (UT).
  • Monitoring ultrasonic signal transmission during bolt tightening.
  • Simulating corrosion by controlled artificial damage to bolt heads.
  • Analyzing transmitted signal energy and waveform characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Ultrasonic signal energy transmission during tightening varied with inspection frequency.
  • No clear monotonic trend in total transmitted energy was observed even with 16% bolt head mass loss.
  • Distinct waveform changes, including energy redistribution and new wave packets, were detected despite stable total energy.

Conclusions:

  • Simple analysis of total transmitted ultrasonic energy is insufficient to detect bolt head degradation.
  • Advanced waveform-based analysis is necessary for interpreting subtle changes caused by bolt degradation.
  • Guided wave UT shows potential for monitoring bolted joint integrity, but requires sophisticated analysis techniques.