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Targeting the Risk of Diptera-Borne Zoonoses by a Sentinel Equestrian Centers Program.

Cristiana Cazapal-Monteiro1, David Boso1, Inês Abreu1

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Summary

Diptera-borne diseases are a growing concern in NW Spain. Entomological surveillance in equestrian centers revealed diverse mosquito species, including those with high disease-vector capacity, necessitating ongoing monitoring.

Keywords:
CulicidaeDiptera-borne diseasesNorthwestern Spainhorsessurveillancezoonoses

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Area of Science:

  • Medical entomology
  • Veterinary public health
  • Environmental science

Background:

  • Diptera-borne diseases represent a significant global health threat, with changing distributions influenced by climate change and globalization.
  • Equine facilities can serve as crucial habitats for disease vectors and hosts, highlighting the need for targeted surveillance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the diversity and distribution of dipteran species, particularly mosquitoes, in equestrian centers in Northwest (NW) Spain.
  • To assess the potential risk of disease transmission in these environments.

Main Methods:

  • Deployment of CDC-UV and oviposition traps across 16 equestrian centers in Galicia and Castilla y León from July to November 2023.
  • Application of the dipping technique for mosquito collection.
  • Distribution of questionnaires to horse owners for supplementary data collection.

Main Results:

  • Identification of four mosquito genera: Culex (51.8%), Culiseta (38.6%), Anopheles (8.4%), and Aedes/Ochlerotatus (1.2%).
  • Culex pipiens s.l. was the most prevalent (93.8% of centers).
  • Anopheles maculipennis s.l. (37.5%) and An. claviger/petragnani (31.2%) were the most frequent anopheline species. Culiseta was found in 81.2% of facilities.

Conclusions:

  • NW Spain's equestrian centers harbor a diverse range of mosquito species, including vectors with high vectorial capacity.
  • The presence of vectors, hosts (equines and humans), and suitable breeding environments indicates a potential risk for diptera-borne diseases.
  • Continuous entomological surveillance is essential for managing and mitigating disease transmission risks in these settings.