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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

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The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
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Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview01:11

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The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...
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Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Transverse Sectioning of Mature Rice Oryza sativa L. Kernels for Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging Using Pipette Tips as Immobilization Support
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Non-Destructive Determination of Starch Gelatinization, Head Rice Yield, and Aroma Components in Parboiled Rice by

Ebrahim Taghinezhad1,2, Antoni Szumny2, Adam Figiel3

  • 1Biosystems Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Vibrational spectroscopy and machine learning accurately assess parboiled rice quality, including starch gelatinization and head rice yield. Optimal processing conditions were identified for enhanced rice quality.

Keywords:
Raman spectroscopyaroma componentshead rice yieldparboiled ricestarch gelatinization

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Food Science

Background:

  • Parboiled rice quality is influenced by soaking and drying conditions.
  • Non-destructive evaluation methods are crucial for high-throughput quality assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate starch gelatinization (SG), head rice yield (HRY), and aroma compounds in parboiled rice using vibrational spectroscopy.
  • To develop and validate predictive models integrating spectroscopy with machine learning.

Main Methods:

  • Raman and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy were employed.
  • Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models were developed and validated.
  • Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hotelling's T² analysis were used for data interpretation and outlier detection.

Main Results:

  • Optimized PLSR and ANN models showed high predictive accuracy for SG and HRY (R² > 0.93).
  • Accurate prediction of key aroma-active volatile compounds was achieved, with p-Cymene showing R² of 0.9814.
  • Optimal processing conditions identified: 65°C soaking for 180 min, followed by 70°C drying.

Conclusions:

  • Vibrational spectroscopy combined with machine learning offers a scalable and accurate method for parboiled rice quality assessment.
  • Targeted wavelength selection enhances model performance and robustness.
  • The study provides a framework for optimizing parboiled rice processing for desired quality attributes.