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Construction and Testing of Coin Cells of Lithium Ion Batteries
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Nickel-Rich Cathodes for Solid-State Lithium Batteries: Comparative Study Between PVA and PIB Binders.

José M Pinheiro1, Beatriz Moura Gomes1,2, Manuela C Baptista1,2

  • 1Engineering Faculty, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a scalable wet-processing method for high-nickel composite cathodes in all-solid-state batteries. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) binders enabled superior performance compared to polyisobutylene (PIB), demonstrating NMC955 viability.

Keywords:
lithium batterynickel rich cathodepolymer bindersolid-state electrolyte

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Growing demand for high-energy, safe, and sustainable lithium-ion batteries.
  • Increased interest in nickel-rich cathode materials and solid-state electrolytes.
  • Need for scalable fabrication methods for composite cathodes in all-solid-state batteries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a scalable wet-processing method for fabricating composite cathodes for all-solid-state batteries.
  • To evaluate the performance of high-nickel LiNi0.90Mn0.05Co0.05O2 (NMC955) cathodes using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyisobutylene (PIB) binders.
  • To assess the compatibility of NMC955 cathodes with sulfide-based electrolytes.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of composite cathodes using NMC955, Li6PS5Cl electrolyte, and PVA or PIB binders via scalable wet-processing.
  • Characterization using SEM/EDX, sheet resistance, and Hall effect measurements.
  • Electrochemical testing in all-solid-state battery half-cells against lithium metal anodes.

Main Results:

  • Both PVA and PIB binders yielded conductive cathodes with stable microstructures and uniform particle distribution.
  • PVA-based cathodes significantly outperformed PIB-based cathodes, achieving 192 mAh·g-1 theoretical capacity at 1C (PVA) versus 145 mAh·g-1 at C/40 (PIB).
  • Post-mortem analysis confirmed the structural integrity of the fabricated cathodes.

Conclusions:

  • The scalable wet-processing method is viable for fabricating high-performance composite cathodes for all-solid-state batteries.
  • NMC955 demonstrates excellent potential as a high-capacity cathode material compatible with solid-state battery systems.
  • PVA is a superior binder compared to PIB for these specific all-solid-state battery cathode applications.