Boosting AMPs' Power: From Structural Engineering to Nanotechnology-Based Delivery

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a powerful support to conventional antibiotics in addressing the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and unique mechanisms of action enable diverse potential applications, including combating multidrug-resistant pathogens, immune modulation, and cancer therapy. Their clinical implementation is hindered by challenges such as toxicity, instability, and high production costs. Recent advances in AMP design, optimization, and delivery mechanisms such as nanoparticle conjugation and rational engineering have enhanced their efficacy, stability, and specificity. Integrating AMPs into precision medicine and combining them with existing therapies promises to overcome current limitations. With ongoing advancements, AMPs have the potential to redefine infection management and possibly other medical problems.