Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules01:19

Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules

7.6K
Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
The removal of an electron from a molecule, results in a...
7.6K
Carbon-dioxide Fixation01:28

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

86
Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
86
Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction02:23

Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction

10.8K
Reduction is a simple strategy to convert a carbonyl group to a hydroxyl group. The three major pathways to reduce carbonyls to alcohols are catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, and borane reduction.
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat (25–100°C) and...
10.8K
Bioremediation00:46

Bioremediation

20.1K
Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.
20.1K
Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

719
Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
719
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

2.4K
Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
2.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effect of Solvents on Electrogenerated Base-Driven Transfer Hydrogenation Reactions.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Silver encapsulated copper salen complex: efficient catalyst for electrocarboxylation of cinnamyl chloride with CO<sub>2</sub>.

RSC advances·2022
Same author

Synthesis of Ag nanoparticles/ordered mesoporous carbon as a highly efficient catalyst for the electroreduction of benzyl bromide.

RSC advances·2022
Same author

Nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon supported CuSb for electroreduction of CO<sub>2</sub>.

RSC advances·2022
Same author

Electrocatalytic carboxylation of halogenated compounds with mesoporous silver electrode materials.

RSC advances·2022
Same author

Electrochemically Promoted Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of 2,2,2-Trifluoroacetophenone.

The Journal of organic chemistry·2021
Same journal

RETRACTED: Atta et al. Effect of Montmorillonite Nanogel Composite Fillers on the Protection Performance of Epoxy Coatings on Steel Pipelines. <i>Molecules</i> 2017, <i>22</i>, 905.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Correction: Chen et al. Chemical Composition of <i>Litsea pungens</i> Essential Oil and Its Potential Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities. <i>Molecules</i> 2023, <i>28</i>, 6835.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Correction: Ruan et al. Comparison of Extraction, Isolation, Purification, Structural Characterization and Immunomodulatory Activity of Polysaccharides from Two Species of <i>Cistanche</i>. <i>Molecules</i> 2025, <i>30</i>, 4754.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Correction: Li et al. Gastrodin Ameliorates Cognitive Dysfunction in Vascular Dementia Rats by Suppressing Ferroptosis via the Regulation of the Nrf2/Keap1-GPx4 Signaling Pathway. <i>Molecules</i> 2022, <i>27</i>, 6311.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Correction: Zueva et al. Steady-State Kinetics of Enzyme-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Echothiophate, a P-S Bonded Organophosphorus as Monitored by Spectrofluorimetry. <i>Molecules</i> 2020, <i>25</i>, 1371.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

1,4-Diazatriphenylene and Its Hetero-Fused Analogs: Synthesis and Applications.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
10:57

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

18.4K

Molecular Modification Strategies for Enhancing CO2 Electroreduction.

Yali Wang1,2, Leibing Chen1, Guoying Li1

  • 1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Molecular modification enhances electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2RR) by optimizing catalyst properties. This strategy improves efficiency and selectivity for carbon cycling and renewable energy applications.

Keywords:
effects of actionelectrocatalytic CO2 reductionmodification strategiesmolecular modification

More Related Videos

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy
07:36

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

Published on: November 9, 2019

8.1K
CO2 Photoreduction to CH4 Performance Under Concentrating Solar Light
07:08

CO2 Photoreduction to CH4 Performance Under Concentrating Solar Light

Published on: June 12, 2019

7.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
10:57

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

18.4K
Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy
07:36

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

Published on: November 9, 2019

8.1K
CO2 Photoreduction to CH4 Performance Under Concentrating Solar Light
07:08

CO2 Photoreduction to CH4 Performance Under Concentrating Solar Light

Published on: June 12, 2019

7.0K

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2RR) is vital for carbon cycling and renewable energy but faces challenges like low selectivity and complex pathways.
  • Molecular modification of catalysts offers a promising approach to overcome these limitations by tuning surface properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review molecular modification strategies for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2RR).
  • To analyze the mechanisms by which molecular modification enhances CO2RR efficiency and selectivity.
  • To provide insights for future research in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and systematic analysis of existing studies on molecularly modified materials for CO2RR.
  • Categorization and discussion of various molecular modification techniques.
  • Examination of structure-property-performance relationships in modified catalysts.

Main Results:

  • Molecular modification effectively alters catalyst electronic structure, steric hindrance, reactant adsorption, intermediate stabilization, and local environment (hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, pH).
  • These alterations significantly boost conversion efficiency and product selectivity in CO2RR.
  • Diverse modification strategies demonstrate tunable performance for specific CO2RR products.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular modification is a powerful strategy for advancing electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2RR) technology.
  • Understanding the underlying mechanisms is key to designing highly efficient and selective CO2RR catalysts.
  • This review highlights promising avenues for future research in molecularly engineered materials for sustainable energy solutions.