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Biochar-Coconut Shell Mixtures as Substrates for Phalaenopsis 'Big Chili'.

Yun Pan1, Daoyuan Chen1, Yan Deng1

  • 1Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture and Art, The Innovation and Application Engineering Technology Research Center of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Resources in Fujian Province, National Long Term Scientific Research Base for Fujian Orchid Conservation, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.

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PubMed
Summary

Sustainable biochar and coconut shell mixtures significantly enhance Phalaenopsis orchid growth. The optimal blend improved plant height, crown width, and root development compared to traditional sphagnum moss.

Keywords:
Phalaenopsis ‘Big Chili’biocharplant growing mediumplant growth

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Area of Science:

  • Horticulture and Sustainable Agriculture
  • Plant Science and Soil Science

Background:

  • Sphagnum moss, a traditional growing medium for Phalaenopsis orchids, faces limitations due to its non-renewable nature, slow decomposition, and environmental concerns.
  • There is a critical need for sustainable and efficient alternatives to sphagnum moss in commercial orchid cultivation.
  • Biochar, a stable carbon-rich material, shows promise for improving soil properties and promoting plant growth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of biochar-coconut shell mixtures as a sustainable growing medium for Phalaenopsis 'Big Chili' orchids.
  • To determine the optimal ratio of biochar from corn straw, bamboo, and walnut with coconut shell for enhancing orchid growth.
  • To assess the impact of these mixtures on key plant growth parameters and substrate characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated biochar from corn straw, bamboo, and walnut mixed with coconut shell at ratios of 1:2, 1:10, and 4:1.
  • Conducted a 150-day controlled experiment on Phalaenopsis 'Big Chili' orchids.
  • Measured plant height, crown width, root system development (length, area, volume), biomass, and dry weights.

Main Results:

  • The optimal mixture (maize straw biochar: coconut shell = 1:2) significantly increased plant height (7.55%) and crown width (6.68%) compared to sphagnum moss.
  • Substantial improvements in root metrics were observed: total root length (+10.96%), total projected area (+22.82%), total surface area (+22.14%), and root volume (+38.49%).
  • Root biomass increased by 42.47%, aboveground dry weight by 6.16%, and belowground dry weight by 77.11%.

Conclusions:

  • Biochar-coconut shell mixtures, particularly at a 1:2 ratio, offer a viable and sustainable alternative to sphagnum moss for Phalaenopsis cultivation.
  • The enhanced plant growth is attributed to improved substrate characteristics, including low bulk density, high porosity, moderate aeration, and adequate nutrient availability.
  • These findings highlight the importance of substrate properties in influencing plant performance and support the use of biochar-based media in horticulture.