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Molecular Control of Flower Colour Change in Angiosperms.

Fernanda M Rezende1, Magdalena Rossi1, Cláudia M Furlan1

  • 1Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil.

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Summary

Flower color change, driven by pigments like carotenoids, flavonoids, and betalains, impacts plant reproduction and economic value. This review details the genetic and biochemical regulation of these dynamic floral color shifts.

Keywords:
anthocyaninsbetalainscarotenoidsepigeneticsplant pigmentpost-transcriptional regulationtranscription factortranscriptional regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Floral pigmentation is crucial for plant reproductive success and economic value.
  • Understanding floral color change mechanisms is key to plant development and breeding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the genetic, biochemical, and ecological factors of floral color change.
  • To explore pigment biosynthesis, regulation, and dynamic color shifts in angiosperms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on pigment pathways (carotenoids, flavonoids, betalains).
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms including biosynthesis, degradation, pH, metal complexation, and co-pigmentation.
  • Examination of regulatory networks (transcription factors MYB, bHLH, WDR) and post-transcriptional control.

Main Results:

  • Identified three major pigment classes (carotenoids, flavonoids, betalains) with distinct pathways.
  • Detailed molecular mechanisms of color change from flower opening to senescence.
  • Highlighted regulatory networks controlling pigment production.

Conclusions:

  • Floral color change is a complex process involving pigment dynamics and regulatory networks.
  • Mechanisms of color change are diverse across angiosperm species, impacting pollination and fitness.