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Backward Brillouin three-parameter sensing simulation based on multicore optical fibers.

Donghe Sheng, Yunlong Chang, Zhe Han

    Optics Express
    |July 30, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a novel three-parameter Brillouin optical fiber sensor. It accurately distinguishes temperature, strain, and curvature, advancing beyond traditional two-parameter sensing systems.

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    Area of Science:

    • Fiber optic sensing
    • Brillouin scattering
    • Multicore fiber technology

    Background:

    • Conventional Brillouin sensors are limited to measuring two parameters (e.g., temperature and strain).
    • Existing methods struggle with simultaneous, accurate measurement of multiple physical parameters in optical fibers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To theoretically investigate a novel three-parameter sensor based on backward Brillouin scattering.
    • To develop a sensing error assessment model for a multicore fiber (MCF) configuration.
    • To enable discriminative recognition of temperature, strain, and curvature.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a multicore fiber (MCF) with a specific refractive index profile.
    • Combining spatial division multiplexing (SDM) with acoustic-mode division multiplexing (AMDM).
    • Developing a 3D matrix for error-quantified tri-parameter recovery.

    Main Results:

    • Theoretical demonstration of a three-parameter sensing capability (temperature, strain, curvature).
    • Achieved maximum theoretical errors: 1.74°C for temperature, 44.33 µε for strain, and 2.47 × 10⁻³ m for curvature radius.
    • Validation of a robust error assessment model for tri-parameter recovery.

    Conclusions:

    • This theoretical work paves the way for next-generation Brillouin distributed sensing.
    • The proposed sensor design offers a crucial reference for advancing from dual-parameter to tri-parameter sensing.
    • Highlights the potential of MCFs combined with SDM and AMDM for complex sensing applications.