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Tracheostomy in Children: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center in South India

Seenivasan Subramani1, Poovazhagi Varadarajan1, Nisha Rangabashyam1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine : Peer-Reviewed, Official Publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine
|July 30, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric tracheostomy in India is uncommon. This study found tracheostomy to be safe in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), with most deaths linked to underlying conditions, not the procedure itself.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric critical care medicine
  • Surgical procedures in children
  • Respiratory support

Background:

  • Tracheostomy data in Indian pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) are limited.
  • Understanding indications, timing, complications, and outcomes is crucial for pediatric patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the indications, timing, complications, and outcomes of tracheostomy in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in India.
  • To provide data on tracheostomy procedures in a resource-limited setting.

Main Methods:

  • A single-center ambispective study was conducted.
  • Included children aged 1 month to 12 years undergoing tracheostomy from February 2019 to April 2024.
  • Data collected included demographics, indications, complications, outcomes, and follow-up.

Main Results:

  • 136 patients underwent tracheostomy, with neurological illness being the most common reason for admission (57.4%).
  • Prolonged ventilation (50%) was the primary indication for tracheostomy, with a median duration of 21 days before the procedure.
  • Complications occurred in 42.6% of patients; 2.9% of deaths were tracheostomy-related. 36% of children were decannulated.

Conclusions:

  • Tracheostomy is a safe intervention in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).
  • Mortality following pediatric tracheostomy is predominantly associated with the severity of the underlying primary illness.
Abstract

Keywords:
ComplicationsIndicationsT pieceTracheostomy

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