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Temporal Trends in Cardiovascular Mortality in Underlying Viral Hepatitis: A Retrospective Analysis of Gender,

Wania Sultan1, Haider Ashfaq2, Hamza Ashraf2

  • 1Department of Medicine Dow Medical College Karachi Pakistan.

JGH Open : an Open Access Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
|July 30, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Cardiovascular disease and viral hepatitis mortality increased overall but declined recently. Public health efforts and new treatments contributed to this positive trend, particularly in urban areas.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases and viral hepatitis represent significant global health burdens.
  • Understanding mortality trends is crucial for effective public health interventions.
  • Co-occurrence of these conditions may exacerbate mortality risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate contemporary trends in mortality associated with cardiovascular disease and viral hepatitis.
  • To analyze age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) and identify demographic disparities.
  • To examine temporal changes in mortality from 1999 to 2020.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of the CDC-WONDER dataset (1999-2020).
  • Inclusion of adults aged ≥15 years with cardiovascular disease and/or viral hepatitis as causes of death.
  • Joinpoint regression analysis to determine annual percentage change (APC) in mortality trends.

Main Results:

  • Overall AAMR increased from 15.2 in 1999 to 24.9 in 2020.
  • A decline in AAMR was observed from 2013 to 2020 (APC: -2.1%).
  • African Americans had over twofold higher mortality than Whites; middle-aged adults and urban populations bore the highest burden.

Conclusions:

  • Recent decreases in mortality are linked to increased awareness, screening, direct-acting antiviral therapies, and integrated public health models.
  • Targeted interventions are needed to address disparities in cardiovascular disease and viral hepatitis mortality among different demographic groups.
  • Continued monitoring and public health initiatives are essential for managing these intertwined health challenges.
Abstract

Keywords:
CDC‐WONDERcardiovascular mortalityhepatitis Bhepatitis Cviral hepatitis

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