Cancer of the vulva: 2025 update: FIGO Cancer Report 2025

Area of Science:

• Gynecologic Oncology
• Dermatology
• Oncology

Background:

• Vulvar cancer is a rare gynecologic malignancy predominantly affecting postmenopausal women.
• Currently, no specific screening methods exist for vulvar cancer.
• The most effective preventive strategy involves timely treatment of predisposing and preneoplastic vulvar lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize current understanding and management strategies for vulvar cancer.
• To emphasize the importance of early detection and diagnosis.
• To outline treatment modalities based on disease stage and histology.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature and clinical guidelines for vulvar cancer management.
• Analysis of diagnostic approaches, including biopsy of suspicious lesions.
• Evaluation of treatment options: surgical, radiation, and systemic therapies.

Main Results:

• Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common vulvar cancer subtype.
• Treatment decisions are guided by histology, staging (clinical, radiological, surgical), and patient factors.
• Surgical intervention and/or adjuvant radiation are primary treatments for squamous cell carcinoma.
• Concurrent chemoradiation is an effective option for advanced tumors.
• Systemic therapy for metastatic disease is often extrapolated from cervical cancer treatment protocols.

Conclusions:

• Individualized management by a multidisciplinary team at experienced cancer centers is essential.
• Prompt biopsy of any suspicious vulvar lesion is critical for diagnosis.
• Effective management relies on accurate staging and tailored therapeutic strategies.