Nano-cocrystals as Nanotechnology-based Approach to Modulate Solubility and Bioavailability of Poorly Soluble Drugs

Various drugs face limitations in their solubility parameters which limits their total oral bioavailability, and such drugs are also categorized under the biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) Class II. To modulate such limitations there were various novel drug delivery systems (DDS) designed including lipid-based DDS such as liposomes, niosomes, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), nanoemulsion, self-nanoemulsifying DDS (SNEDDS) but the most effective and easily prepared DDS is nano-cocrystals (NCs). This study aims to give a clear emphasis on the NCs, their development and various advantages related to their usage as DDS. NCs are developed to modify the characteristics of dynamic drug adjustments with enhanced dissolvability, disintegration, and bioavailability compared to their naive form. Due to their high surface-to-volume ratio and co-crystal structure, easily converted in the nanosized range, they can further enhance these qualities. Even though NCs have been the subject of numerous studies, drug NC research is still in its early stages. In this review, many methods for organizing NCs have been discussed. A detailed understanding of NCs will be provided by a thorough examination of a few scientific methods and representations. The purpose of this analysis is to provide direction for the development of novel NCs with pharmaceutical industry economic value and proven as an effective approach for enhancement of drug aqueous solubility and ultimately resulted in the modulation of total oral bioavailability of the drug. NCs will be the modern DDS from the futuristic point of view due to their easy development and better physiochemical properties.