Experiences and Psychosocial Needs of Adolescents and Young Adults With Newly Diagnosed Acute Leukemia Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Descriptive Qualitative Study

Acute leukemia (AL) in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) disrupts critical developmental and social milestones, posing unique psychosocial challenges for this age group. There is currently a dearth of literature that addresses the distinct psychosocial impacts for AYAs with AL, particularly in an Asian context.

This study aimed to explore the lived experiences and psychosocial needs of AYAs who were newly diagnosed with AL and undergoing chemotherapy.

A descriptive qualitative approach was used, with individual semistructured interviews conducted among AYA patients newly diagnosed with AL at an academic medical center in Singapore. Thematic analysis based on Braun and Clarke's framework was conducted to identify recurring patterns in coping mechanisms and challenges.

Participants (n = 10), aged 18 to 39 years, described 5 themes: (1) emotional impact of diagnosis, (2) rationalization and adaptation, (3) role of social support, (4) intrinsic barriers to coping, and (5) extrinsic barriers to coping.

The narratives revealed not only the profound physical, emotional, and psychological challenges AYAs encounter, but also their resilience and capacity for hope amid adversity. Comprehensive support frameworks should be developed and tailored specifically to the unique needs of this vulnerable population.

Clinicians should prioritize phased, empathetic communication to help AYAs process their diagnosis. Enhancing access to age-specific peer support and providing engaging educational resources foster autonomy and coping. Addressing long-term psychological concerns and offering creative dietary solutions can further promote morale, resilience, and comprehensive support throughout their treatment journey.