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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
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Sanger Sequencing01:57

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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
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Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

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In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
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Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
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Updated: Sep 8, 2025

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing
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DNA Sequencing and the Third-Generation Sequencing Revolution.

Jamie Harrison1

  • 1MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK. J.W.Harrison@exeter.ac.uk.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|July 30, 2025
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Summary

DNA sequencing has evolved significantly since the 1970s, with new technologies offering deeper genomic insights. This chapter explores DNA sequencing history, third-generation methods, and genome assembly successes.

Keywords:
Bacterial genomicsDNA sequencingGenome assembly

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics and Computational Biology

Background:

  • The discovery of DNA structure and invention of DNA sequencing technologies have revolutionized biological sciences.
  • Recent advancements in second and third-generation sequencing have expanded our understanding of genomic architecture and variation.

Observation:

  • This chapter details the history of DNA sequencing, highlighting the emergence of third-generation technologies like Pac-Bio and Oxford Nanopore.
  • It discusses challenges and strategies in genome assembly, presenting successful examples, particularly from bacterial species.

Findings:

  • Third-generation sequencing technologies provide unprecedented insights into complex genomic features and phenotypes.
  • Effective genome assembly strategies are crucial for interpreting sequencing data and achieving notable successes.

Implications:

  • Understanding the evolution of sequencing and assembly is key to driving future genomic research.
  • These advancements facilitate a deeper comprehension of biological systems and disease mechanisms.