Oropouche Infection: Concerns for the Obstetric Patient

Oropouche is an emerging virus that has become a growing cause for concern after reports of vertical transmission and detrimental effects on the developing fetus. Oropouche is an arbovirus, meaning it is transmitted by arthropods, which include mosquitos, ticks, and midges (sometimes called "no-see-ums"). Specifically, Oropouche is transmitted through the Culicoides paraensis biting midge and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito. Infection presents most commonly with fever, headache, myalgias, and arthralgia.

The purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge regarding the effect of Oropouche infection on maternal and fetal outcomes during pregnancy and provide anticipatory guidance for obstetric management of Oropouche infection.

We conducted a literature review using MEDLINE to summarize the current understanding of obstetric implications of Oropouche infection.

Although data are limited, reports of suspected Oropouche-associated vertical transmission, miscarriage, and congenital abnormalities have created the need for special considerations for pregnant individuals amid the current Oropouche outbreak.

A recent outbreak in South and Central America has captured the attention of the Pan American Health Organization and World Health Organization, each issuing travel guidance and infection management recommendations. Additionally, reports of Oropouche infection in Europe and the United States in travelers returning from areas of endemic infection have prompted a call for widespread surveillance for Oropouche infection. Although much remains unknown about Oropouche infection and its effect on pregnancy and the developing fetus, obstetric providers should remain aware of the developing outbreak and evolving guidance for management of pregnant individuals.