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Author Spotlight: Scaling Microalgal Biotechnology for Enhanced Biomethane Production

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Upstream considerations for gas fermentation processes.

Michael G Resch¹, Alex Badgett¹, Jens O Krömer²

¹National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Denver, Colorado, USA.

Current Opinion in Biotechnology

|July 30, 2025

Summary

Gas fermentation uses gaseous carbon sources to produce valuable products, offering a route for carbon valorization. This review examines feedstock supply, particularly carbon and electrical power, for industrial-scale bioprocesses.

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology and Industrial Microbiology
Sustainable Chemistry
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Gas fermentation is a promising technology for converting gaseous carbon sources into fuels, chemicals, and foods.
It offers a method for valorizing atmospheric carbon emissions.
Upstream feedstock considerations, specifically carbon supply and electrical power, are critical for its industrial application.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the upstream feedstock considerations for gas fermentation.
To analyze the dual role of electrical power in gas fermentation (process energy and redox potential).
To identify opportunities and challenges for industrial-scale deployment.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on carbon sources and electrical power supply for gas fermentation.
Analysis of trends in CO2 point sources and low-carbon electricity systems.
Synthesis of current knowledge on process integration for industrial scale.

Main Results:

Electrical power is essential for both process energy and providing biochemical redox potential.
Trends in CO2 sources and low-carbon electricity present both opportunities and challenges.
Key R&D priorities for industrial-scale gas fermentation integration have been identified.

Conclusions:

Gas fermentation is a viable technology for carbon valorization and sustainable production.
Optimizing upstream feedstock supply, particularly carbon and electricity, is crucial for scalability.
Further research and development are needed for efficient industrial process integration.