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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...

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Updated: Sep 13, 2025

A Nonviral Approach to Generate Transient Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Using mRNA for Cancer Immunotherapy

A Nonviral Approach to Generate Transient Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Using mRNA for Cancer Immunotherapy

Published on: February 21, 2025

Nanoparticles for mRNA-based cancer immunotherapy.

Rakesh Pahwa¹, Gulshan Sharma¹, Rohil Panwar¹

¹Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India.

Advances in Immunology

|July 30, 2025

Summary

Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based cancer immunotherapy uses nanoparticles for effective delivery. These nanocarriers enhance mRNA stability and cellular uptake, improving anti-tumor immune responses.

Keywords:

Cancer Clinical trials Immunotherapy Nanoparticles mRNA

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Immunology
Nanomedicine

Background:

Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based cancer immunotherapy represents a significant advancement in oncology, utilizing the immune system to target tumors.
Challenges in mRNA therapy include instability, inefficient cellular uptake, and endosomal escape, hindering effective delivery.
Nanoparticle-based delivery systems have become crucial for overcoming these limitations in mRNA immunotherapies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the design, synthesis, and functionalization of various nanoparticles for mRNA delivery in cancer immunotherapy.
To explore the mechanisms of cellular uptake, endosomal escape, and mRNA translation into therapeutic proteins.
To review recent advances, clinical trials, and future trends in nanoparticle-integrated mRNA cancer vaccines.

Main Methods:

Review of nanoparticle design (lipid-based, polymeric, hybrid) for mRNA delivery.
Analysis of cellular uptake pathways and endosomal escape strategies.
Examination of mRNA translation and subsequent anti-tumor immune responses.

Main Results:

Nanocarriers significantly enhance mRNA stability and protect against degradation.
Different nanoparticle types exhibit unique characteristics for targeted mRNA delivery.
Successful mRNA translation leads to therapeutic protein expression and anti-tumor immunity.

Conclusions:

Nanoparticles are essential for overcoming delivery challenges in mRNA cancer immunotherapy.
Further research and clinical trials are needed to fully realize the potential of nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccines.
Nanoparticle integration holds promise for advancing future cancer treatment strategies.