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A data-driven approach to prioritize MITRE ATT&CK techniques for active directory adversary emulation.

Alshaimaa Abo-Alian1, Mahmoud Youssef2, Nagwa L Badr1

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This study introduces a new method for prioritizing cyber adversary techniques in Active Directory environments. It uses Multi-Criteria Decision-Making to focus on high-impact threats, improving cybersecurity defenses.

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Active directory securityAdversary emulationMITRE ATT&CKMulti-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM)Technique prioritizationThreat intelligence

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Area of Science:

  • Cybersecurity
  • Information Security
  • Computer Science

Background:

  • Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) pose evolving challenges to Active Directory (AD) security.
  • Adversary emulation is crucial for assessing security but lacks structured prioritization.
  • Existing frameworks struggle with resource allocation for effective emulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a structured approach for prioritizing adversary emulation techniques.
  • To enhance the effectiveness of security controls against APTs in AD environments.
  • To align adversary emulation with real-world attack scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • A Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach integrating Operational Threat Intelligence (OTI) and MITRE ATT&CK data.
  • Evaluation of techniques based on Active Directory Impact, Threat Score, and Security Control Gap.
  • Entropy-based weighting for objective, data-driven prioritization.

Main Results:

  • A validated framework for systematically prioritizing adversary techniques.
  • Demonstrated effectiveness through a case study using the APT3 threat group.
  • Identification of high-impact and difficult-to-detect techniques for focused emulation.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed MCDM framework significantly enhances adversary emulation effectiveness.
  • It strengthens security postures in Active Directory environments by focusing on critical threats.
  • Provides a data-driven method for optimizing cybersecurity resource allocation.