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Intensifying heat stress impacts cotton flowering and boll development efficiency
Mohan K Bista1, Nisarga Kodadinne Narayana1, Alekhya Chakravaram1
1Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, MS, Mississippi State, 39762, USA.
BMC Plant Biology
|July 31, 2025
Summary
High temperatures during cotton flowering negatively impact yield and quality. Identifying heat-tolerant traits is crucial for developing resilient cotton cultivars and ensuring food security.
Area of Science:
- Plant Physiology
- Agronomy
- Genetics
Background:
- Cotton yield and quality are threatened by heat stress during critical reproductive stages.
- Developing heat-tolerant cotton cultivars is essential for maintaining agricultural productivity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify the effects of heat stress on 25 traits in 16 upland cotton cultivars.
- To identify physiological and reproductive traits associated with heat tolerance in cotton.
Main Methods:
- Compared 16 upland cotton cultivars under heat stress (36/24 °C) versus control conditions (32/24 °C).
- Measured 25 physiological, reproductive, and yield-related traits.
Main Results:
- Heat stress increased leaf temperature and transpiration but reduced PSII quantum efficiency and pollen germination.
- Reproductive biomass allocation decreased, while specific leaf area increased under heat stress.
- Seed cotton and lint yields decreased significantly (19% and 26%), while seed yield remained stable.
Conclusions:
- Cotton cultivars exhibit multidimensional responses to heat stress, affecting various traits differently.
- Identifying genetic loci for heat tolerance is critical for targeted breeding strategies.
- Improving heat tolerance is vital for sustainable cotton production in a changing climate.
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