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Related Concept Videos

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers01:19

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

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Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:
482
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists01:23

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists

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Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
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Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management01:30

Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management

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The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:
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Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids

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Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
ICS work through a multifaceted mechanism of action. They suppress the inflammatory response caused by the proliferation of TH cells. They also reduce the transcription of the IL-2 gene, which is involved in the...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis
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Apremilast in Psoriasis: Current Landscape and Perspectives.

Dinesh Kumar1, Debayan Sil1, Balak Das Kurmi2

  • 1Department of Quality Assurance, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.

Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery
|July 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Psoriasis treatment is advanced by Apremilast, a PDE4 inhibitor. Nanotechnology enhances Apremilast delivery, improving efficacy for plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.

Keywords:
Psoriasisapremilastcyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)drug delivery systemsinflammationnanocarriersnanostructured lipid carriers.phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitorplaque psoriasispsoriatic arthritis

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Production of Modified Autologous Conditioned Serum and Ex Vivo Assessment of Its Healing Potential in Murine Corneal Epithelium
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Production of Modified Autologous Conditioned Serum and Ex Vivo Assessment of Its Healing Potential in Murine Corneal Epithelium
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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology and immunology
  • Pharmacology and drug delivery
  • Nanotechnology in medicine

Background:

  • Psoriasis is a prevalent immune-mediated skin disease affecting millions globally.
  • It presents in various forms and is associated with conditions like psoriatic arthritis.
  • Apremilast, a phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor, is an FDA-approved oral treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of psoriasis.
  • To discuss Apremilast's properties, clinical efficacy, and pharmacokinetics.
  • To explore the role of nanocarrier systems in enhancing Apremilast delivery for psoriasis treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on psoriasis, Apremilast, and nanodrug delivery systems.
  • Analysis of randomized controlled trials for Apremilast in plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.
  • Examination of nanotechnology-based formulations (ethosomes, niosomes, liposomes, nanostructured lipid carriers) for Apremilast.

Main Results:

  • Apremilast effectively treats moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis with a favorable safety profile compared to traditional agents.
  • Nanotechnology offers enhanced solubility and targeted release of Apremilast.
  • Novel nanocarrier formulations show potential for improved therapeutic outcomes in psoriasis.

Conclusions:

  • Apremilast is a significant advancement in psoriasis management.
  • Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems represent a promising approach to optimize Apremilast's therapeutic potential.
  • Further research into nanocarrier modifications can lead to enhanced psoriasis treatments.