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Updated: Sep 13, 2025

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Decoupling vegetation and soil-moisture interaction in evapotranspiration interannual variability.

Xiaowen Huang1,2, Shijing Liang2,3,4, Alan D Ziegler5

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Safety, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.

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|July 31, 2025
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Vegetation significantly influences evapotranspiration (ET) variability through land-atmosphere coupling (LAC). Understanding this dynamic is crucial for predicting climate variability and extreme weather events in a warming world.

Keywords:
atmospheric scienceearth sciencesenvironmental analysisenvironmental scienceglobal change

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Area of Science:

  • Earth System Science
  • Climate Science
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Evapotranspiration (ET) is a key driver of climate variability via land-atmosphere coupling (LAC).
  • The interplay between vegetation, soil moisture, and ET in LAC is not fully understood.
  • Existing research often underestimates the role of vegetation in ET dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate the impacts of soil moisture and vegetation on ET interannual variability.
  • To quantify the contribution of soil moisture versus vegetation to ET variability across different climate zones.
  • To assess the implications of vegetation's role in ET for climate change projections.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Community Earth System Model (CESM) for global simulations.
  • Analyzed the coupling strength between soil moisture, vegetation, and ET.
  • Differentiated ET variability contributions from soil evaporation and plant transpiration.

Main Results:

  • Globally, 55.7% of land exhibits strong coupling between soil moisture, vegetation, and ET.
  • Soil moisture-ET coupling is dominant in low-latitude LAC regions.
  • Vegetation-ET coupling prevails in arid and high-latitude areas, with transpiration showing greater variability than soil evaporation in hot, dry regions.

Conclusions:

  • Vegetation plays a critical, often underestimated, role in ET dynamics.
  • Current LAC assessments may overlook vegetation's influence, potentially leading to underestimations of extreme event risks.
  • Accurate representation of vegetation's impact on ET is vital for reliable climate change modeling and adaptation strategies.