Multi-omics perspectives for gastrointestinal malignancy: A systematic review

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Bioinformatics
• Genomics

Background:

• Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide.
• Early detection and personalized treatment for GI cancers remain clinical challenges.
• Multi-omics approaches offer advanced tools for precision oncology in GI cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate multi-omics applications in GI cancer early detection, risk stratification, and treatment optimization.
• To explore multi-omics for biomarker discovery in GI malignancies.
• To review the integration of multi-omics data for personalized oncology.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines.
• Searched five databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science) for studies from 2015 onwards.
• Included human subject studies on multi-omics integration in GI cancers, AI, and organoid modeling.

Main Results:

• Multi-omics platforms outperform traditional biomarkers for early GI cancer detection.
• Identified circulating tumor DNA, extracellular vesicles, and AI algorithms for enhanced diagnostics.
• Revealed insights into immune modulation, tumor microenvironment, metastasis, and drug resistance.

Conclusions:

• Multi-omics approaches significantly advance early diagnosis and personalized treatment of GI malignancies.
• Integration with AI, organoid models, and microbiota profiling drives precision oncology.
• Multi-omics data facilitates improved prognostic evaluation and therapeutic strategies.