Daily activity limitations and fall risk among older Chinese adults with arthritis: Exploring contributing factors

Chronic pain and joint dysfunction caused by arthritis are significantly association with the daily living abilities of the elderly. This study aimed to identify key factors associated with falls in osteoarthritis patients, with particular focus on the role of daily activity limitations.

Using data from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, the Activities of Daily Living Scale for the elderly was utilized to measure activities of daily living. Univariate analysis of falls in arthritis patients was conducted using Chi-square tests and t-tests. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to explore the fall situation in elderly arthritis patients and its association with activities of daily living (ADL), basic activities of daily living (BADL), and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL).

Both unadjusted and adjusted models showed significant associations between functional limitations and fall risk in older adults with arthritis: ADL (OR = 1.075 [1.04, 1.11] and OR = 1.096 [1.03, 1.11], respectively), BADL (OR = 1.209 [1.11, 1.32] and OR = 1.188 [1.08, 1.31], respectively), and IADL (OR = 1.088 [1.04, 1.14] and OR = 1.076 [1.02, 1.14], respectively). BADL demonstrated the strongest effect (18.8 % increased risk per 1-point worsening). In the exercise subgroup, these associations persisted but were attenuated, with BADL remaining most predictive (OR = 1.36 [1.16, 1,59] and OR = 1.19 [1.12, 1.59], respectively).

To reduce the fall risk in arthritis patients, attention should be given to maintaining elderly arthritis patients' ADL, appropriately adjusting exercise regimens, and minimizing the health risks associated with falls.