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Does One Health need an ontological turn?

Andrea Kaiser-Grolimund1,2,3, Salome A Bukachi3,4, Julia Karuga3

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Summary

This study highlights how anthropological theories, particularly the "ontological turn," can enhance the One Health approach. By questioning assumptions about human-animal distinctions and biomedical knowledge, it fosters better interdisciplinary collaboration.

Keywords:
One Healthanthropologyhuman-animal healthmultispecies ethnographyontology

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Area of Science:

  • Anthropology
  • One Health
  • Social Sciences

Background:

  • One Health has gained global prominence, facing critiques from social sciences.
  • Interdisciplinary collaborations in One Health are challenged by differing epistemological and ontological positions.
  • Anthropological theories, specifically the 'ontological turn,' offer valuable insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the value of anthropological ontological thinking for the One Health approach.
  • To address challenges in interdisciplinary communication within One Health.
  • To promote ontological openness in One Health collaborations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of recent theoretical discussions in anthropology, focusing on the 'ontological turn'.
  • Examination of how questioning ontological premises can benefit One Health.
  • Presentation of two illustrative examples of anthropologically-informed ontological thinking.

Main Results:

  • Questioning assumptions about human-animal distinctions offers new perspectives for One Health.
  • Challenging the universality of biomedical knowledge enhances inclusivity in One Health.
  • Anthropological ontological thinking can bridge communication gaps between disciplines.

Conclusions:

  • An ontological openness is crucial for understanding actors and knowledge in One Health.
  • Awareness of different ontological positions facilitates effective communication in One Health.
  • Integrating anthropological insights strengthens the One Health approach.