Venous Thromboembolism in Dermatological, Pulmonary, and Cardiac Disorders: A Systematic Review of Emergency...

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), encompassing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a significant clinical challenge due to its multifaceted presentation and high morbidity and mortality. While commonly linked with surgical and oncological settings, VTE also emerges in association with dermatological, pulmonary, and cardiac disorders, often complicating their clinical course and management. This systematic review aims to elucidate the emergency presentations and interdisciplinary management strategies of VTE within dermatological, pulmonary, and cardiac conditions, emphasizing early detection and coordinated care. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, up to January 2025. Studies were screened and selected based on predefined inclusion criteria focusing on VTE occurrences in patients with dermatologic, pulmonary, or cardiac pathologies. Data on clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, treatment strategies, and outcomes were extracted and synthesized. The review highlights diverse VTE manifestations across the three disciplines. Dermatological conditions, such as pyoderma gangrenosum and systemic vasculitides, exhibit prothrombotic states, while pulmonary disorders, notably chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease, show increased VTE risk due to hypoxia and immobility. Cardiac conditions, including atrial fibrillation and heart failure, frequently precipitate thromboembolic events. Management involves a combination of anticoagulation, targeted therapy for underlying conditions, and collaborative care between dermatologists, pulmonologists, cardiologists, and emergency physicians. VTE in dermatological, pulmonary, and cardiac contexts necessitates heightened clinical awareness and interdisciplinary collaboration for optimal outcomes. Early recognition and tailored management strategies can significantly reduce VTE-associated complications, underscoring the need for integrated emergency protocols and continued research in these intersecting domains.