Comparison of carcinogenic potential of alternative tobacco products. A systematic review
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View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Alternative tobacco products like electronic cigarettes (ECs), heat-not-burn (HnB) cigarettes, and nicotine pouches (NPs) show carcinogenic potential. These products induce DNA damage and epigenetic alterations, increasing cancer risk.
Area Of Science
- Oncology
- Epigenetics
- Toxicology
Background
- Alternative tobacco products, including electronic cigarettes (ECs), heat-not-burn (HnB) cigarettes, and snus/nicotine pouches (NPs), are increasingly popular.
- Their long-term health effects, particularly carcinogenic potential and impact on epigenetic regulation, require thorough investigation.
Purpose Of The Study
- To summarize current knowledge on the carcinogenic potential of ECs, HnB products, and snus/NPs.
- To evaluate the effects of these products on epigenetic alterations relevant to cancer development.
Main Methods
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases.
- Keywords included various tobacco product terms, 'cancer,' 'epigenetic changes,' 'DNA damage,' and 'carcinogenesis.'
Main Results
- ECs and HnB products were confirmed to induce DNA damage, reduce DNA repair capacity, and alter miRNA expression, DNA methylation, and histone modifications.
- Snus/NPs also induce DNA damage and alter gene expression related to oxidative stress, DNA damage, and cell proliferation.
Conclusions
- Cell-based and animal models suggest carcinogenic potential for ECs, HnB products, and snus/NPs, with observed epigenetic changes predisposing to cancer.
- Limited data exists for snus/NPs, primarily showing DNA damage and proliferation effects.
- Further comprehensive clinical studies are needed to fully elucidate the carcinogenic potential of these products.
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