Breaking the Ice: Patterns and Prevalence of Upper Extremity Injuries in Youth Ice Hockey Players Over a 20-Year...

Upper extremity (UE) injuries, ranging from the clavicle to the fingertips, are prevalent in ice hockey. Despite hockey's growing popularity, comprehensive epidemiological data on UE injuries are limited. This study analyzes patterns of acute hockey-related UE injuries among young players in the United States, focusing on age-specific and sex-specific injury distributions.

The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was analyzed for ice hockey-related injuries among patients aged 5 to 24 years from 2006 to 2023. Injuries were classified by patient demographics and anatomical region. Logistic regression models analyzed the association between injury patterns and predictive variables of interest (P < .05).

Of 258 302 estimated ice hockey-related injuries, 91 889 (35.57%) involved the UE. The shoulder (clavicle, scapula, proximal humerus) was the most common site of UE injuries (40.73%), followed by the wrist (19.55%) and then digits (11.23%). Fractures were the predominant injury type (35.85%). Youth players (5-13 years) had higher odds of fractures (odds ratio [OR] = 1.78) compared with other age groups. College-aged players (19-24 years) were more prone to dislocations (OR = 3.52). Males had higher odds of shoulder dislocations (OR = 6.55) and shoulder injuries overall (OR = 1.70), whereas females had higher odds of wrist injuries (OR = 1.92) and wrist strains or sprains (OR = 2.92).

This comprehensive analysis of UE injuries in ice hockey athletes highlights the significant burden of these injuries and identifies important patterns related to injury types, anatomical locations, and demographic factors. These findings provide a foundation for developing targeted injury prevention strategies and improving player safety in ice hockey.