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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Development of Whispering Gallery Mode Polymeric Micro-optical Electric Field Sensors
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Fabrication, Characterization, and Sensor Applications of Polymer-Based Whispering Gallery Mode Microresonators.

Jarosław Mazuryk1,2, Piotr Paszke3,4, Dorota A Pawlak3,4

  • 1Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.

ACS Sensors
|July 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Polymer-based whispering gallery mode resonators (WGMRs) offer high-sensitivity optical sensing. These advanced resonators show great promise for biomedical diagnostics and environmental monitoring applications.

Keywords:
(polymer shell)-(inorganic core) composite WGMRall-polymer WGMRbio- and chemosensingmicrofabricated optical microbubble and optofluidic ring resonatormicroresonatormolecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)polymer optical fiber (POF) and photonicspolymer resonatorwhispering gallery mode resonator (WGMR)

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Area of Science:

  • Optical Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Whispering gallery mode resonators (WGMRs) use internal light reflections for sharp resonance peaks, enabling high-sensitivity optical sensing.
  • Polymer characteristics significantly influence WGMR performance parameters like quality factor (QF) and sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review the fabrication, characterization, and sensor applications of polymer-based WGMRs.
  • To highlight the advantages of all-polymer, polymer-coated, and composite-functionalized WGMRs for enhanced sensing capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of fabrication techniques for polymer-based WGMRs.
  • Analysis of characterization methods for WGMR performance metrics (QF, FSR, RI sensitivity).
  • Evaluation of diverse polymer WGMR configurations (all-polymer, fiber-coated, composite-functionalized).

Main Results:

  • Polymer-based WGMRs demonstrate design flexibility, biocompatibility, and tunable optical properties.
  • All-polymer WGMRs offer integration capabilities, while polymer-coated fiber WGMRs enhance light-material interaction.
  • (Polymer shell)-(inorganic core) composites synergize inorganic material QFs with polymer flexibility for superior optical properties.

Conclusions:

  • Polymer-based WGMR sensors are highly promising for biomedical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and industrial process control.
  • Future research should focus on optimizing fabrication, exploring novel polymers, and integrating advanced signal processing for real-time, IoT-connected sensing platforms.