[Positioning therapy and (early) mobilisation in intensive care units : Insights from the current S3 guideline]

The S3 guideline "Positioning therapy and mobilisation in critically ill patients in intensive care units" replaces the S2e guideline on the prophylaxis and treatment of pulmonary dysfunctions. The 2023 updated version revised the evidence assessment based on the Oxford system and has integrated new scientific findings since 2015, formulated using specific PICO (P: population/patient/problem, I: intervention, C: comparison, O: outcome) questions. An amendment in 2024 corrected minor errors and updated the evidence assessment again. A central aspect is the differentiated approach to early mobilisation, which now explicitly recommends mobilisation within 72 h of ICU admission. Furthermore, new chapters on assistive devices and neuromuscular electrical stimulation have been added to outline additional therapeutic options for positioning therapy and mobilisation in critically ill patients.