Global disease burden of laryngeal cancer attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021

Smoking is a prominent risk factor for laryngeal cancer (LC). Understanding the impacts of smoking on the burden of LC is crucial for its prevention. Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021. A systematic analysis was conducted, assessing mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) burden, disaggregated by age, sex, region, and the Social Development Index (SDI). From 1990 to 2021, global burden of LC attributable to smoking decreased, while the number of death cases and DALYs increased by 20.80 and 11.53%, respectively. The disease burden has shifted from high-middle SDI regions to middle-low SDI regions. The South Asian and Southeast Asian regions exhibited the largest scale and growth rate of death cases and DALYs, respectively, while the high-income Asia Pacific region demonstrated the most significant decrease in age-standardized death rate [EAPC: -3.99, 95% uncertainty interval (UI), -4.17 to -3.81] and age-standardized DALYs rate (EAPC: -4.19, 95% UI, -4.36 to -4.03). The burden is significantly greater in men than in women, undergoing substantial significant sex differences. The burden decreased in all the age groups, while increasing with age, peaking in the 90-94-year age group. In the next 15 years, the number of LC-related deaths attributable to smoking is expected to continue increasing. The global burden of LC attributable to smoking has decreased from 1990 to 2021; however, it continues to vary by SDI, region, country, age and sex. Further strengthening smoking control and healthcare system is crucial for reducing the burden of LC.