Baylisascariasis (Raccoon Roundworm Infection) in Two Unrelated Children - Los Angeles County, California, 2024

Area of Science:

• Zoonotic diseases
• Parasitology
• Neurology

Background:

• Baylisascaris procyonis (raccoon roundworm) is a parasite found in raccoons.
• Infection can cause severe human disease, including neurological complications.
• Prompt treatment is essential to prevent severe outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report two pediatric cases of baylisascariasis in Los Angeles County.
• To highlight the importance of early diagnosis and treatment in at-risk populations.
• To inform the public about prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

• Case reporting and clinical observation of two pediatric patients.
• Epidemiologic investigation to identify potential sources of exposure.
• Review of diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols.

Main Results:

• Two pediatric cases of baylisascariasis with neurologic symptoms were identified.
• One adolescent with pica and autism spectrum disorder recovered fully after prompt treatment.
• A younger child experienced severe neurologic sequelae due to delayed diagnosis and treatment.
• Raccoon feces from a rooftop latrine was a suspected source for one case.

Conclusions:

• Baylisascaris procyonis infection should be suspected in patients with neurologic symptoms and eosinophilia, particularly children and those with developmental disabilities or pica.
• Early diagnosis and treatment with albendazole and corticosteroids are critical.
• Public awareness and prevention strategies, such as avoiding raccoon feces, are vital.