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First Constraint on Atmospheric Millicharged Particles with the LUX-ZEPLIN Experiment.

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This study searched for millicharged particles (mCPs) from cosmic ray interactions using the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment. No significant signals were found, setting new limits on these exotic particles.

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Area of Science:

  • Particle Physics
  • Cosmic Ray Physics
  • Astroparticle Physics

Background:

  • Millicharged particles (mCPs) are hypothetical particles with fractional electric charge.
  • Cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere are a potential source for mCP production.
  • Previous searches for mCPs have not explored atmospheric production mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct the first experimental search for millicharged particles (mCPs) produced by cosmic ray atmospheric interactions.
  • To probe mCPs with masses between 10-1000 MeV/c^2 and fractional charges of 0.001-0.02 e.
  • To utilize the unique capabilities of liquid xenon time projection chambers for mCP detection.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from the first science run of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment.
  • Focus on mCPs produced via meson decay and proton bremsstrahlung.
  • Development of a novel detection signature specific to liquid xenon time projection chambers.

Main Results:

  • No significant excess of events consistent with mCP signals was observed over the expected background.
  • The search was conducted with a 5.5 metric ton fiducial mass and 60 live days of data.
  • New experimental limits are placed on the production of atmospheric mCPs.

Conclusions:

  • This work represents the first dedicated search for atmospheric mCPs.
  • The LUX-ZEPLIN experiment provides a powerful platform for searching for new physics beyond the Standard Model.
  • The results constrain theoretical models predicting the existence and abundance of mCPs from cosmic ray interactions.