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Massive runaway stars ejected from the R136 cluster originated from a rare five-star dynamical interaction. This complex event, involving triple and binary systems, explains the ejection of stars like Mel 34 and predicts future supernova events.

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Area of Science:

  • Astrophysics
  • Stellar dynamics
  • High-energy astrophysics

Background:

  • The R136 star cluster hosts numerous massive stars, with many exhibiting high velocities indicative of runaway stars.
  • The origins of these runaway stars have been historically attributed to dynamical ejections or supernova explosions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reconstruct the ejection history of the runaway binary star Mel 34 from the R136 cluster.
  • To investigate the dynamical interactions responsible for high-velocity star ejections.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing high-precision data from the Gaia satellite to trace the trajectory of Mel 34.
  • Applying deterministic Newtonian dynamics to model the stellar encounter and reconstruct the ejection event.

Main Results:

  • The ejection of Mel 34 was caused by an unexpected five-star interaction involving a triple system (Mel 39 orbited by VFTS 590) and the binary Mel 34.
  • Mel 39 is predicted to be a binary system with an 80 solar-mass companion, escaping R136 at approximately 64 km/s.
  • The five involved stars are expected to undergo supernovae within 5 million years, forming black hole binaries.

Conclusions:

  • Five-star interactions, previously not considered a primary mechanism, are crucial for understanding runaway star formation.
  • The study provides a detailed dynamical history for a specific runaway star, Mel 34.
  • The predicted future supernovae and black hole binaries offer targets for future observations.