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Can Generative AI Chatbots Emulate Human Connection? A Relationship Science Perspective.

Molly G Smith1, Thomas N Bradbury1, Benjamin R Karney1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles.

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Companion chatbots offer social connection but may not fully replicate human relationships. While providing support, they lack the depth of mutual negotiation and sacrifice found in genuine human bonds.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Artificial Intelligence Ethics

Background:

  • Generative AI enables companion chatbots for social and emotional connection.
  • Debate exists on whether chatbots can fulfill functions of close human relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate human-chatbot interactions against the definition and functions of close relationships.
  • To apply theoretical frameworks from relationship science to human-AI interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of human-chatbot interactions using established theories of close relationships.
  • Examination of interactional features like influence, conversation frequency, and responsiveness.

Main Results:

  • Human-chatbot interactions share some features with close relationships, including mutual influence and supportive responsiveness.
  • Chatbots can foster feelings of connection and personal growth.
  • Superficial requests from chatbots limit benefits like negotiation and sacrifice, potentially reinforcing negative behaviors.

Conclusions:

  • Human-chatbot relationships exhibit partial characteristics of close relationships.
  • The lack of reciprocal depth in chatbot interactions presents limitations.
  • Further research is needed to understand the differential impact on users and the conditions for beneficial or harmful outcomes.