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Chemoreflex function in pulmonary diseases - A review
Kajal Kamra1,2, Zhiqiu Xia2, Irving H Zucker1
1Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
The Journal of Physiology
|July 31, 2025
Summary
The chemoreflex, vital for blood gas balance, can malfunction in lung diseases like COVID-19, leading to respiratory and cardiovascular issues. Understanding chemoreflex dysfunction is key to managing these conditions.
Area of Science:
- Physiology
- Respiratory Medicine
- Cardiovascular Medicine
Background:
- The chemoreflex, involving peripheral and central chemoreceptors, regulates blood gas and pH homeostasis.
- Carotid bodies and brain stem chemoreceptors respond to various stimuli including hypoxia and hypercapnia.
- Chemoreflex dysfunction is linked to cardiovascular diseases, but its role in pulmonary disorders is under-explored.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advances in understanding chemoreflex malfunction in acute and chronic lung diseases.
- To explore the underlying mechanisms of chemoreflex dysfunction in conditions like COVID-19 and COPD.
- To highlight the significance of the chemoreflex in mediating cardiopulmonary dysfunction post-pulmonary injury.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies on chemoreflex function and dysfunction.
- Analysis of mechanisms linking chemoreflex alterations to lung diseases.
- Synthesis of evidence on chemoreflex involvement in conditions such as COVID-19, COPD, asthma, OSA, and ALI.
Main Results:
- Chemoreflex sensitization can lead to respiratory disorders, impacting quality of life.
- Chemoreflex dysfunction is implicated in cardiovascular conditions like heart failure and hypertension.
- The review focuses on the underemphasized role of the chemoreflex in cardiopulmonary dysfunction associated with lung diseases.
Conclusions:
- Chemoreflex malfunction is a significant factor in acute and chronic lung diseases, including COVID-19.
- Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies for respiratory and associated cardiovascular complications.
- Further research into the chemoreflex's role in cardiopulmonary dysfunction is warranted.
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