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Related Concept Videos

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

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In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
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Genetic Drift03:33

Genetic Drift

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Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.
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Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

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The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

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Unveiling the invisible genomic dynamics.

Jiwoong Kwon1,2, Yeji Park1, Taekjip Ha3,4,5

  • 1Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Experimental & Molecular Medicine
|July 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CRISPR-based imaging offers advanced visualization of genomic loci, revealing insights into chromatin structure and dynamics. Recent innovations enhance sensitivity, specificity, and resolution for detecting genomic variations.

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Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 13, 2025

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Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions
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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • CRISPR-based imaging visualizes specific genomic loci.
  • These technologies provide insights into chromatin structure and dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review the development and recent advances in CRISPR-based imaging technologies.
  • Highlight key strategies for improving sensitivity, specificity, and resolution.

Main Methods:

  • Engineering Cas proteins and guide RNAs.
  • Incorporating peptide and aptamer tags.
  • Utilizing degron-mediated fluorogenic labeling and light-controllable background reduction.

Main Results:

  • Improved sensitivity, specificity, and resolution of CRISPR-based imaging.
  • Detection of nonrepetitive genomic regions and single-nucleotide polymorphisms.
  • Advancements in fluorogenic labeling and background reduction.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR-based imaging holds great promise for understanding chromatin dynamics and genomic interactions.
  • Overcoming challenges in signal amplification and guide RNA design is crucial.
  • Further research will advance our understanding of biological processes through improved genomic visualization.