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A foundational triage system for improving accuracy in moderate acuity level emergency classifications.

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  • 1School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.

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A new AI model, KUTS, significantly improves emergency triage accuracy, especially for moderate acuity cases. This advanced model outperforms existing methods, enhancing patient classification and emergency care efficiency.

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Clinical Decision Support

Background:

  • Emergency department (ED) triage is critical but challenged by staff shortages and diagnostic ambiguity.
  • Existing AI triage models struggle with classifying moderate acuity cases, impacting patient care.
  • Developing AI to assist in accurate triage is crucial for efficient healthcare delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel AI triage model, KUTS (Knowledge-based Uncertainty-Tuned Triage System), for improved classification accuracy.
  • To enhance the identification of moderate acuity cases, which are difficult for human clinicians.
  • To establish a foundational framework for advanced emergency triage systems.

Main Methods:

  • Developed KUTS, a foundational classification model for emergency triage.
  • KUTS integrates a knowledge prompt-tuning encoder and an uncertainty-based classifier.
  • The model processes tabular data and chief complaints to assign patient acuity levels, tested on real-world ED datasets.

Main Results:

  • KUTS achieved a 0.95 AUC score for moderate acuity cases, outperforming prior methods by 0.19-0.35.
  • Across all triage levels, KUTS demonstrated superior performance with an average AUC of 0.96, exceeding previous models by 0.06-0.20.
  • The model showed substantial improvements in classifying difficult and ambiguous patient acuity levels.

Conclusions:

  • KUTS offers a robust framework and paradigm for emergency triage research.
  • The model facilitates the development of more accurate and efficient patient triage systems.
  • KUTS represents a significant advancement in AI-assisted emergency medicine.