The Potential of Using Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Sepsis

Sepsis, a life-threatening condition resulting from a dysregulated immune response to infection, remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Emerging evidence suggests that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists, originally developed for type 2 diabetes and obesity, may be able to mitigate or even prevent the effects of sepsis. Preclinical studies demonstrate that GLP-1 agonists reduce excessive inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction while preserving endothelial integrity and cellular energy homeostasis. Preclinical animal models have shown that these effects are able to mitigate organ damage and improve survival. Clinical data have suggested a reduced risk of infection-related complications and mortality with GLP-1 agonists. Studies have repeatedly shown their anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and even suggested possible neuroprotective properties, highlighting their expanding utility in medicine. By being able to modulate inflammation, mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduce vascular injury, GLP-1 agonists may offer a promising adjunctive strategy in the prevention of sepsis-related complications in high-risk individuals.