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Relaxation behavior near the first-order phase transition line.
Xiaobing Li1,2, Ranran Guo1, Mingmei Xu1
1Central China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics (MOE) and Institute of Particle Physics, Wuhan 430079, China.
Physical Review. E
|August 1, 2025
Summary
Simulations of the 3D kinetic Ising model reveal ultraslow relaxation dynamics along the first-order phase transition line. Dynamic scaling holds across temperatures, with a larger dynamic exponent at low temperatures.
Area of Science:
- Statistical Mechanics
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Computational Physics
Background:
- The kinetic Ising model describes magnetic systems' time-dependent behavior.
- Understanding relaxation dynamics is crucial for phase transitions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To simulate and analyze the relaxation process of the 3D kinetic Ising model.
- To investigate equilibration times and dynamic scaling across the phase boundary.
Main Methods:
- Metropolis algorithm for simulating the relaxation process.
- Analysis of average equilibration time and autocorrelation time.
- Investigation of dynamic scaling with system size.
Main Results:
- Average equilibration time increases significantly as temperature decreases away from T_{c}.
- Ultraslow relaxation observed along the first-order phase transition (1st-PT) line.
- Dynamic scaling holds near T_{c} and at T≪T_{c}, with a larger dynamic exponent at lower temperatures.
- Autocorrelation time is size-dependent only near T_{c}.
Conclusions:
- The complex free energy landscape near the 1st-PT line causes extremely slow relaxation dynamics.
- Dynamic scaling behavior is robust across different temperature regimes.
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