Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
Published on: March 30, 2017
Tightly self-trapped modes and vortices in three-dimensional bosonic condensates with electromagnetically induced
Zibin Zhao1, Guilong Li1, Huanbo Luo1,2
1Foshan University, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan 528000, China.
Abstract:
The 1/r long-range interaction, induced by laser illumination, offers a mechanism for the implementation of stable self-trapping in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in the three-dimensional free space. Using the variational approximation and numerical solutions, we find that self-trapped states in this setting, with attractive nonlocal and repulsive local interactions, resemble tightly bound compactons. However, these are not true compactons but rather tightly self-trapped modes (TSTMs), with small-amplitude nonvanishing tails. The structure of the self-trapped states is explained by an analytical solution for their tails. Further, we demonstrate that stable TSTMs with embedded vorticity exist in the same setting, with winding numbers up to S=6 (at least). Addressing two-TSTM interactions, we find that pairs of ground states (GSs, with S=0), as well as vortex-vortex and vortex-antivortex pairs (with S_{1}=S_{2} and S_{1}=-S_{2}, respectively), form stably rotating bound states. Head-on collisions between vortex TSTMs, set in slow motion by kicks, are inelastic, resulting in their merger into a GS soliton, that may either remain at the collision position or move aside, shedding the angular momentum with emitted radiation, or, alternatively, lead to the formation of a vortex that also moves aside.
Related Concept Videos
Symmetry in Maxwell's Equations
Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
First Law: Particles in Two-dimensional Equilibrium
Newton's first law tells us about...
Motion Of A Charged Particle In A Magnetic Field
Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions
First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium

