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Related Concept Videos

Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

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Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo
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Reference charts for first-trimester placental volume derived using OxNNet.

S Mathewlynn1,2, L Nicolatino Starck3, Y Yin1,4,5

  • 1Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
|August 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study establishes first-trimester placental volume (FTPV) reference ranges in healthy pregnancies using the OxNNet tool. The lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method provides accurate FTPV prediction based on crown-rump length and gestational age.

Keywords:
artificial neural networkcrown–rump lengthfirst‐trimestergestational ageplacentareference valuesthree‐dimensional ultrasonographyvolume measurement

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • First-trimester placental volume (FTPV) is a potential indicator of pregnancy outcomes.
  • Establishing accurate reference ranges for FTPV is crucial for its clinical application.
  • Automated software solutions like OxNNet offer potential for standardized placental volume measurement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish comprehensive reference ranges for OxNNet-derived first-trimester placental volume (FTPV).
  • To validate the performance of the lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method for FTPV modeling.
  • To provide a foundation for using FTPV as a biomarker for adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the First Trimester Placental Ultrasound Study, including 2547 singleton pregnancies.
  • Employed three-dimensional placental ultrasound imaging and the OxNNet toolkit for automated segmentation and volume calculation.
  • Applied quantile regression and the LMS method to model FTPV distribution using crown-rump length (CRL) and gestational age, assessing model fit with AIC.

Main Results:

  • The LMS method demonstrated superior model fit compared to quantile regression, indicated by lower AIC values.
  • The LMS models with specific distributions achieved the best performance for predicting FTPV from CRL and gestational age.
  • Constructed centile charts for FTPV, showing strong agreement between predicted and observed values, excellent calibration, and normally distributed Z-scores.

Conclusions:

  • Established reliable reference ranges for first-trimester placental volume (FTPV) in healthy pregnancies.
  • The LMS method provides a robust statistical framework for FTPV analysis and clinical application.
  • These reference ranges support further research into FTPV as a biomarker for adverse pregnancy outcomes.