Prophylactic occlusion balloon in placenta abnormalities: What every interventional radiologist needs to know

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Interventional Radiology
• Vascular Surgery

Background:

• Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a growing concern globally, linked to increased cesarean section rates.
• PAS can cause severe postpartum hemorrhage due to abnormal placental villi invasion into the uterine wall and adjacent structures.
• This condition poses a significant risk to maternal health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of prophylactic iliac artery balloon occlusion in patients with PAS.
• To analyze current evidence regarding the use of endovascular balloons for managing PAS.
• To offer guidance for interventional radiologists, gynecologists, and midwives.

Main Methods:

• This narrative mini-review synthesizes existing literature on prophylactic iliac artery balloon occlusion for PAS.
• It covers indications, patient selection criteria, and device specifics.
• Technical advice, clinical outcomes, and complication data are analyzed.

Main Results:

• Prophylactic iliac artery balloon occlusion is a viable strategy to mitigate blood loss during cesarean delivery or postpartum surgery in PAS patients.
• The review details the materials, devices, and technical considerations for successful implementation.
• Evidence on clinical outcomes and potential complications is presented to inform practice.

Conclusions:

• Prophylactic iliac artery balloon occlusion offers a safe and effective method for managing potential hemorrhage in placenta accreta spectrum.
• This interventional radiology technique requires careful patient selection and procedural planning.
• The review equips clinicians with essential information for addressing PAS safely and promptly.