Association of Thrombomodulin Expression with Bladder Cancer Grade, Stage, and Recurrence: A Single-Center...

Area of Science:

• Urology
• Oncology
• Biomarker Research

Background:

• Bladder cancer lacks reliable biomarkers for predicting tumor characteristics and outcomes.
• Thrombomodulin (TM) is a potential biomarker, but its association with bladder cancer prognosis is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the association between thrombomodulin (TM)-positive cell rate (PR) and tumor grade, stage, and recurrence in bladder cancer patients.

Main Methods:

• Prospective observational pilot study of 51 bladder cancer patients.
• Assessed TM expression via immunohistochemistry and calculated PR.
• Correlated TM PR with tumor grade, stage, and 3-month recurrence post-TURBT.

Main Results:

• No significant differences in TM PR values were found across different tumor grades or stages.
• TM PR did not differ significantly between patients with or without recurrence at 3 months.

Conclusions:

• TM PR did not correlate with tumor grade, stage, or recurrence in this bladder cancer cohort.
• Larger studies with longer follow-up are needed to validate these findings.