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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

1.8K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
1.8K
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

33
Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
33
Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

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Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
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Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

55
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
55
Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

23
Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

43
Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Primary Outcome Assessment in a Pig Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction
14:19

Primary Outcome Assessment in a Pig Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Published on: October 14, 2016

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Prognostic differences between persistent HFrEF and HFrecEF following acute myocardial infarction.

Jeong Yoon Jang1, Jae Myoung Lee1, Yujin Shin1

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea.

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
|August 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Patients with acute myocardial infarction who recover left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrecEF) have better outcomes than those with persistent heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Early intervention and monitoring are key for improving prognosis.

Keywords:
AMIHFREFHFrecEFpredictorsprognosis

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Cutoff Value of Phase Angle by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at Admission as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure
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Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing
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Last Updated: Sep 13, 2025

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Cutoff Value of Phase Angle by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at Admission as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure
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Cutoff Value of Phase Angle by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at Admission as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure

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Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing
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Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Heart Failure Research

Background:

  • Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) frequently leads to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
  • Some patients experience recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), termed heart failure with recovered ejection fraction (HFrecEF).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the prognostic outcomes between persistent HFrEF and HFrecEF in AMI patients.
  • To identify predictors of LVEF recovery after AMI.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study of AMI patients with initial LVEF <40%.
  • LVEF reassessed at one month to define persistent HFrEF (LVEF <40%) or HFrecEF (LVEF >40% with ≥10% increase).
  • Outcomes assessed: cardiovascular mortality and heart failure rehospitalization.

Main Results:

  • Of 679 patients, 55% had persistent HFrEF and 45% transitioned to HFrecEF.
  • HFrecEF patients were younger, had fewer comorbidities, and received more RAS inhibitors and beta-blockers.
  • Cardiovascular mortality was significantly lower in HFrecEF (3.3% vs. 8.3%).
  • Heart failure rehospitalization was also lower in HFrecEF (6.2% vs. 10.2%).
  • Predictors of LVEF recovery included younger age, beta-blocker use, and RAS inhibitor use.

Conclusions:

  • Transitioning from HFrEF to HFrecEF significantly improves clinical outcomes in AMI patients.
  • Routine echocardiographic monitoring and optimal medical therapy are crucial for managing these patients.
  • Tailored management strategies are essential for optimizing long-term prognosis.