Neurological complications of scrub typhus

Scrub typhus, caused by the intracellular bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi , presents a significant global health threat, contributing to a high burden of febrile illnesses, especially in endemic regions. This review aims to detail the neurological complications associated with scrub typhus and discuss its pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, and prevention.

Research has demonstrated an expanding geographical distribution of scrub typhus beyond its traditional Asia-Pacific epicentre, with an increasing incidence reported in regions such as Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and South America. Neurological complications, notably encephalitis and meningitis, have emerged as significant clinical manifestations, considerably affecting morbidity and mortality rates among affected individuals. The pathogenesis of scrub typhus involves intricate interactions, with Orientia tsutsugamushi selectively targeting dermal and endothelial cells, facilitating systemic dissemination and subsequent neurological implications. These findings highlight the imperative for heightened awareness and recognition of these severe complications to enhance patient outcomes and inform effective management strategies.

Scrub typhus remains a growing public health challenge, necessitating enhanced awareness and diagnostic capabilities to mitigate case under-reporting. Recognizing neurological manifestations is crucial, highlighting the need for further research into the disease's mechanisms and management strategies. Timely interventions and preventive measures are essential, particularly in emerging regions.