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One, Two, Three, Eyes on Me: Infant EEG Power Predicts Toddler Executive Functioning Through Infant Attention
Madeleine Bruce1, Tatiana Meza-Cervera2, Briana Ermanni2
1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Child Development
|August 1, 2025
Summary
Early brain activity and visual attention in infants predict later executive functioning (EF) in toddlers. This research highlights the importance of these early markers for development and potential interventions.
Area of Science:
- Developmental neuroscience
- Cognitive psychology
Background:
- Previous research on executive functioning (EF) primarily focused on school-aged children.
- Understanding early predictors of EF is crucial for timely interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the links between infant frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) power, infant visual attention, and toddler EF.
- To extend EF research into earlier developmental stages.
Main Methods:
- Longitudinal study of 410 typically developing children from infancy to toddlerhood.
- Utilized confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.
- Assessed infant frontal EEG at 5 months, visual attention at 10 months, and EF at 24 months.
Main Results:
- A one-factor model best described toddler EF, consistent with preschool samples.
- Infant visual attention significantly mediated the relationship between infant EEG and toddler EF.
- Early neural and attentional indicators are associated with later EF development.
Conclusions:
- Infant EEG and visual attention are important early markers for predicting toddler executive functioning.
- Findings support the role of early neural and attentional development in shaping EF.
- Results offer insights for developing early intervention strategies targeting EF.
