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Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Force System with Vertical V-Bends: A 3D In Vitro Assessment of Elastic and Rigid Rectangular Archwires
Published on: July 24, 2018
Youngwoo Kim1, Ravindran Sajan Kumar2, Jonghae Kim3
1Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, 27469, South Korea. ywkim@ut.ac.kr.
This study introduces an orthodontic wire design system (OWDS) for automated robotic wire fabrication. The system optimizes wire length for precise bracket placement on 3D medical images.
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